600 to 1450 ce: Byzantine Empire and Western Europe, Part 1 Byzantine Empire

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• Western Europe
• 600 to 1450 CE: Byzantine Empire and Western Europe, Part 2
• 600 to 1450 CE: China
• 600 to 1450 CE: The Mongols
• 600 to 1450 CE: Africa
• 600 to 1450 CE: The Americas Oceania

600 to 1450 CE: Byzantine Empire and Western Europe, Part 1 Byzantine Empire Eastern part of the Roman Empire Why split? Too big to rule Other part is Holy Roman Empire West falls to the Goths (476) East will survive until 1453 Justinian (Most important Byzantine Emperor) Gotta compare Justinian’s Code to Hammurabi’s Influenced later law codes Builds Hagia Sophia (church) Converted to mosque by Muslims Started making silk Outside of China Well defended by walls, forts Highly centralized while western Europe is very decentralized 1054 Holy Roman Church splits with Byzantine Church (Great Schism) Because of icons used by Byzantine Church Becomes the Eastern Orthodox Church Compare Schism to Sunni/Shia split and Catholic/Protestant split (Luther) Eastern Orthodox Church Icons Bible in vernacular Priests could marry Compare all of that to Luther Huge influence on Russia EO moves to Russia after Muslims take over Moscow becomes “Third Rome” (After Rome and Constantinople) Western Europe Decentralized Roman Empire never comes back Charlemagne tries in 800, fails Stays completely divided into separate countries Compare to India/China Franks most powerful group to emerge Charles Martel stopped Muslims at Tours Charlemagne’s grandpa Charlemagne attempts to bring back the Roman Empire in the 800s. Can't control the land Loose connection Comparison of European and Japanese feudalism Knight/Samurai Chivalry/Bushido Lords/Daimyo Women in Europe mainly midwives and healers/ Some Japanese Samurai European women were damsels in distress, in the home SEPPUKU! (Hari-kiri) – ritual suicide if you dishonor the daimyo Chivraly only for knights, bushido for men and women 600 to 1450 CE: Byzantine Empire and Western Europe, Part 2 Western Europe Decentralized government but centralized religion Glue that holds it together Gothic Architecture Tall spires, flying buttresses, stained glass Pointing up to God, look @ heaven Churches Places of learning Not allowed to dissect like Muslims Banned by Church Vikings From Scandinavia, (Norway, Sweden) raided coastal areas not large urban centers Use of longships to raid coastal areas They were sea-fairing Longship with dragon head on front End up converting to Christianity and become docile William the Conqueror 1066 Viking that took over England Crusades Catholic Church wants to get the Muslims out of Holy Lands After 1054 Schism Wants to show that the Church was powerful and together Wouldn't let Muslims hurt the Church like EO did Won the first Crusade, lost all the others Began in 1095 CE, tried but failed to bring unity to the Christian world Lasting impact was the return of knowledge from the Middle East to Europe Antiquity works Astrolabe, compass Will spark the Renaissance Black Death Began in China and spread through trade routes Silk Roads Big part of spreading disease Mongols played a big part Killed 1/3 of European population (circa 1348 CE) Collapses feudalism because serfs become more valuable Nation states develop England: William the Conqueror -1066 , Magna Carta -1215 and Parliament King can’t raise taxes w/o consent of ppl Germany and Italy are city-states (NOT COUNTRIES UNTIL 1880s) France: 100 Years War ENG v. FR over ENG taking FR land FR wins w/ help of Joan of Arc Spain: Ferdinand and Isabella, Reconquista and their use of Catholicism Country completely based on religion Russia: Mongol Horde eventually lose power, Moscow emerges Economics Hanseatic League North Sea (Atlantic) trading alliance of countries Leads Netherlands and England to become strong due to trade Reasons why Europe is lifted from the Middle Ages into the Renaissance Gunpowder, longbow, Crusades, Marco Polo’s Travels, Black Death and the Printing press. 600 to 1450 CE: China Spread of Buddhism from India to China, Korea and then to Japan China Sui Dynasty (Grand Canal) Tang Dynasty (618-907 CE) Expands Chinese territory Kowtow shows Chinese dominance over places like Korea Second Golden Age of the Silk Road Letters of Credit (Flying money) Gunpowder developed Champa rice from Vietnam fuels population surge Song Dynasty Iron manufacturing makes China manufacturing giant of the world at this time Largest cities in the world Golden Age of innovation with the compass and printing Neo-Confucianism combines both Buddhism and Confucianism Foot binding shows patriarchal society Yuan Dynasty Mongol rule in China (prejudice towards the Chinese ) Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 CE) Kicked out the Mongols and Chinese culture reemerges Japan Shinto Feudal Japan and Feudal Europe comparison Shogun held all the power while the Emperor was a figurehead India Delhi Sultanate Islamic rule in Northern India Hinduism remains a constant especially in Southern India 600 to 1450 CE: The Mongols Mongol Must Know Information: Largest continuous land empire in world history Loss to Japan (tsunami) in East JPN never attacked again until 1945 Thought gods protected them with Kamikaze (Divine Winds) Ogedei died in Austria in West All Mongols have to return to Mongolia to choose new Khan Nomadic and pastoral Stunts Mongol culture (religion, written language etc) Because w/o crops, culture is harder to foster Think of culture as flowers growing in a garden No garden = no flowers Facilitated the 3rd Golden Age of the Silk Road (Pax Mongolica) Mongol peace Religiously tolerant Government = meritocracy High positions come from good works, (nepotism) not who you know Mongol Khanates Golden Horde- Russia China- Yuan dynasty Forbade the Chinese from marrying Mongols and learning the Mongol language Important Mongols Genghis Khan (Chinggis) Started it Kahn means “Ruler of the universe” Ogedei Khan Genghis’ son Died in Austria Kublai Khan Genghis’ grandson Focused on taking China Yuan Dynasty Receives Marco Polo 600 to 1450 CE: Africa Two areas where Christianity remained in Africa was Egypt and Ethiopia Coptic Christianity Remember gold and salt as the major products of Africa Salt for flavor and to replenish your body from sweating See, it’s hot in Africa and you sweat a lot. East Africa Swahili is a mixture of Bantu and Arabic language Swahili city states thrived due to trade (gold, salt, ivory) Kilwa, Mombasa, Sofala, Mozambique Swahili Culture Map Trans Saharan trade Camel saddle in the 300s CE and the motivation of gold accelerated trade Sub Saharan Africa Bantu migrations Iron technology, farming techniques, influence of language Stateless societies (kinship groups) Civilizations w/o formal governments (IMPORTANTE`!) Diffusion of bananas from Malaysia increases population Major food Ghana Islam and Gold Mali Sundiata Mansa Musa (pilgrimage) Mosque at Jenne-Jenno Songhai Sonni Ali (Founder) Took large area Took Timbuktu 600 to 1450 CE: The Americas & Oceania Americas Llama: only large domesticated beast of burden Kept Americas from large scale agriculture and trade Plows, transportation Lack of agriculture stunts culture growth See Mongols Maya (1000 BCE – 1500CE) Very southern Mexico and Guatemala Warring city states Major cities Tikal and Chichen Itza Aztec (1200 – 1500) Capital Tenochtitlan Central Mexico (Mexico City) Expansionistic, warriors prized Very capitalistic Trade encouraged by government Few trade restrictions Chinampas showed agriculture advancement Floating gardens in lakes Like growing plants on lily pads Like Mongols, collected tribute from conquered groups Incas (1200 – 1500) In Peru Major city: Machu Picchu No written language (Quipu instead) Like Mongols Terrace farming Because the land was mountains Expansionistic Established a bureaucracy unlike the Aztecs State controlled all commerce (communistic) Like Romans, built many roads and bridges Oceania Polynesian migrations (600 CE) Fiji, Tahiti, Hawaii and New Zealand People migrating around these areas Not connected to the rest of the world Agricultural and fishing based Regional kingdoms established Directory: uploads uploads -> Necessity of ending the economic, commercial and financial blockade imposed by the United States of America against Cuba uploads -> Raíces y Sueños: the Artistry of Cuba Call for Art – Exhibit Application uploads -> Why did democracy develop in Britain after 1850? 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