April Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis May Margaret of Parma appointed Governor-General
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CHRONOLOGY OF THE DUTCH REVOLT 1 1559 3 April Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis May Margaret of Parma appointed Governor-General 12 May Bull Super univeras: Pope Paul IV authorised re-organisation of bishoprics July-August States General at Ghent demanded withdrawal of Spanish troops and more participation by nobility in government 31 July Promulgation of bull Super universas for new bishoprics 9 August Orange appointed stadhouder of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht; Egmont made governor of Flanders and Artois
10 January Spanish troops withdrew from Netherlands 26 February Anthoine de Perronet, bp. of Arras, designated archbp. of Mechelen, made Cardinal (Granvelle) July Orange refused to participate in installation of new magistracy of Antwerp 23 July Orange and Egmont complained to Philip about not being consulted on important matters 25 August Marriage of Orange to Anna of Saxony 1562 May/June Great nobility opposed Philip II's plan to intervene in French Wars of Religion. Formation of anti-Granvelle League. June/Dec Failure of Montigny's mission to Spain.
11 March William of Orange, Egmont & Hoorne write to King to complain about Granvelle; on receiving unsatisfactory reply in June, they withdrew from Council of State. 26 April First 'synod' of Reformed churches held at Antwerp August Margaret of Parma sent Armenteros to persuade King to drop Granvelle 28 November Embargo on trade with England December Banquet of League of Nobility held at Schetz' house; foolscap livery 1564 13 March King recalled Granvelle from the Netherlands 18 March Egmont, Hoorne & Orange returned to Council of State 30 July King ordered publication of Tridentine decrees in the Netherlands (implementation delayed until July 1565) November Grain prices peaked December Trade embargo relaxed 17 December Grain prices fell at Antwerp 31 December William of Orange spoke in Council of State in favour of freedom of conscience
20 February Egmont arrived in Madrid 30 April Egmont returned to Brussels 24 June Council of State agreed to publication of Tridentine decrees in the Netherlands July/Aug Protestant nobles met at Spa to devise campaign against persecution 17/20 Oct King's Letters sent from Segovia 5 Nov Letters from Segovia Woods arrived at Brussels 14 November Council of State informed about Segovian letters December Formation of Compromise of Nobility 18 December Margaret of Parma demanded implementation of anti-heresy edicts 1566 5 April Lesser nobility presented Petition to Margaret of Parma Late May Calvinists resumed open-air services in Flanders. 3 July Edict against return of Protestant exiles mid July Members of Compromise met with Calvinist leaders 30 July Presentation of Second Petition for religious freedom 31 July King, on news of Calvinist services, agreed to rescind inquisition, but soon after he went back on promise, arguing he had acted under duress (Kossmann & Mellink, doc. 6) 10 August Start of iconoclasm in Westkwartier (Steenvoorde) 13 August King authorised Margaret of Parma to levy troops and sent 300,000 ducats 15 August Feast of Assumption of Blessed Virgin Mary: provoked widespread imagebreaking 19 August Orange left Antwerp for Brussels 20 August Iconoclasm at Antwerp 23 August Iconoclasm at Amsterdam, Breda, 's-Hertogenbosch and Tournai 23/25 Aug Negotiations leading to Accoord; limited religious freedom, dissolution of Compromise; high nobility to provinces to implement terms of Accoord 2 September William of Orange brokered religious peace at Antwerp 3 September News of imagebreaking reached King 1 October Synod of Reformed church held at Ghent: 3,000,000 guilder Request 3 October Meeting at Dendermonde: Orange, Egmont, Hoorne, Hoogstraten & Louis of Nassau failed to agree common plan of action 29 November Alba reluctantly accepted command of troops to be sent to Netherlands 27 December Calvinist rebels defeated in Flanders
23 March Valenciennes surrendered; Calvinist leaders hanged 11 April Orange left Antwerp en route for Dillenberg 27 April Bishops met to discuss implementation of Tridentine reforms 18 June Alba began march along 'Spanish Road' to Netherlands
29 August Margaret of Parma asked King leave to withdraw 5 September Patent issued for Council of Troubles
30 December Margaret left Brussels; Alba succeeded as Governor-General 1568 12 February Brederode died May Sea Beggars began to operate 23 May Louis of Nassau invaded Groningen; defeated Aremberg at Heiligerlee 5 June Egmont and Hoorne executed at Brussels 21 July Alba defeated Louis of Nassau at Jemmingen 5/6 October Orange crossed Maas 17 November Orange withdrew across French border 19 December English authorities impound treasure ships bound for Low Countries
20 February Orange first granted letters of marque to Sea Beggars 20/21 Mar Alba announced fiscal reforms to States General 1570 5 & 9 July Alba published his Criminal Ordinances 16 July Alba published General Pardon 1 November 'All Saints Flood': widespread flooding in the Netherlands 1571 31 July Alba moved to implement Tenth Penny forthwith 4 October First 'national' synod of Reformed churches held at Emden 1572 1 March Sea Beggars expelled from England 20 March Alba warned that Lumey has planned raid on Den Brielle
8 April So-called massacre of Rotterdam 9 April Riots at Gouda 19 April Treaty of 'friendship' between France and England 22 April Flushing reinforced from Den Brielle 2 May Sea Beggars opened negotiations with Dordrecht 21 May Enkhuizen declared for Orange
11 June Medina-Celi arrived in the Netherlands 15 June Alba decided to withdraw all Spanish troops from Holland 25 June Dordrecht agreed to admit Beggars 26 June Leiden agreed to admit Beggars 4 July Haarlem agreed to admit Beggars 9 July Execution of Catholic clergy at Den Brielle (Gorcum martyrs)
26 July Delft agreed to admit Beggars 26 July Philip agreed to suspend Tenth Penny 17 August Orange invaded Brabant 21 August Amsterdam reinforced; Beggars abandoned siege
30 August Orange entered Mechelen 19 Sept. Louis of Nassau surrendered Mons to Alba
Feb/Apr Prohibition of Catholic mass in Holland 13 July Haarlem capitulated to Alba after siege of 6 months 8 October Spanish abandoned siege of Alkmaar 11 October Beggars defeated fleet in Zuiderzee; Bossu captured 19 October Requesens appointed as governor 6 November Medina Celi returned to Spain 29 November Requesens sworn in as governor 18 December Alba returned to Spain
27 January Spanish fleet defeated at Reimerswaal 9/18 Feb. Middelburg surrendered to Orange 14 April Battle of Mokerheide 7 June Abolition of Council of Troubles and Tenth Penny 10 July Alba's statue removed from Antwerp 3 October Orange relieved Leiden
8 February University of Leiden inaugurated March/July Peace negotiations continued at Breda 4 June Holland and Zeeland unite under Orange 11 July Orange recognised as 'souverain ende overhooft' by States of Holland for duration of war 25 August Holland issued leeuwendaalder without reference to royal authority 1 September Spain suspended interest payments on public debt 9 October States of Holland allegedly resolved 'for ever to sejoyne themselves from the Crowne of Spayne' 13 October States of Holland decided to forsake King and seek foreign help November Rebels offered title of Countess of Holland & Zeeland to Elizabeth 1576 5 March Death of Requesens 24 March Council of State entrusted with government April States of Holland reportedly felt no obligation to Philip since he 'has violated his oath' 25 April Union of Delft: Orange recognised as 'chief and highest authority' in Holland & Zeeland for duration of war 6 May Title of Count of Holland offered to Alençon, later Duke of Anjou, younger brother of Henry III of France. 29 June Mondragon captured Zierikzee 25 July Spanish mutineers sacked Aalst in Flanders 26 July Council of State declared mutineers to be rebels; States of Brabant decided to recruit troops to opposed mutineers 1 September Don John received his commission 4 September Council of State arrested in Brussels 6 September States of Brabant summoned States General on own authority 25 Sept States General decided to negotiate with rebel provinces 19 October Negotiations with Holland & Zeeland began at Ghent 28 October Negotiations at Ghent concluded
11 November Spanish garrison at Ghent surrendered 17 December Leuven theologians stated that Pacification was not contrary to Catholic faith
9 January Union of Brussels 17 February States General published Perpetual Edict with Don John without consultation of Holland & Zeeland; these withdrew in protest 6 April King reluctantly approved Pacification 28 April Withdrawal of Spanish troops 12 May Don John entered Brussels 6 June Protestant punished at Ghent for breach of Pacification 15 June Protestant executed at Mechelen in contravention of Pacification 24 July Don John seized castle at Namur 19 August Delegates of Holland and Zeeland rejoined States General 6 September States General invited Orange to Brussels 11 September Philip ordered return of Spanish troops 23 Sept Orange entered Brussels in triumph 3/4 October Archduke Matthias left Vienna secretly for the Netherlands 9 October Utrecht agreed terms with Orange (Satisfactie) 18 October Privileges restored to Ghent 22 October Orange appointed ruwaard of Brabant 28 October Aarschot and bishops of Bruges & Ieper arrested at Ghent 1 Nov. Committee of XVIII established at Ghent 7 December States declared Don John to be enemy of country; no longer recognised as governor-general 8 December States General offered government to Archduke Matthias
29 December Orange entered Ghent 1578 18 January Matthias made state entry into Brussels 20 January Matthias accepted government with Orange as his lieutenant
February Protestant preaching began secretly at Ghent 8 February Satisfaction of Amsterdam 16 February Ghent sezied control of Oudenaarde 16 March Protestant services began at Antwerp 20 March Ghent seized control of Bruges 24 April States General issued edict forbidding Calvinist services 18-22 May Mendicant houses attacked at Ghent 22 May Johan van Nassau appointed stadhouder of Gelderland
29 June Catholic services at Haarlem disrupted 1 June Calvinists at Ghent preached in public 3-18 June National Synod of Reformed churches at Dordrecht 7 June Calvinists at Ghent rejected Orange's demand to stop services 9 June Orange proposed religievrede to States General 18 June Jesuits expelled from Antwerp 12 July Anjou arrived at Mons; Antwerp, Friesland & Ommelanden accepted religievrede 15 July Pope Gregory XIII warned bishops & clergy to remain loyal to King 29/30 July First Meeting of classis of East Flanders 13 August Anjou recognised by States General as 'Defender of the Liberties of the Low Countries' late August Calvinist services held in all Ghent parish churches 29 August Religievrede accepted in Antwerp 28 Sept Dathenus began to preach at Ghent 1 October Malcontents seized Menen; Don John died 6 October Opening of Calvinist seminary, the Theologisch Athenaeum in Ghent 10 October John Casimir arrived in Ghent; Farnese opened negotiations with Walloon provinces
19 January Orange left Ghent 23 January Union of Utrecht (Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland, Ommelanden) 4 February Ghent signed Union of Utrecht 10 March Amersfoort (Utrecht) compelled to recognise Union of Utrecht 10/11 March Second iconoclastic outburst at Ghent 3 May Orange reluctantly signed Union of Utrecht (or 3 June) 7 May Negotiotions between States General and King began at Cologne 17 May Peace/ Treaty of Arras (Hainaut, Artois & French Flanders) 29 June Farnese captured Maastricht 29 July Antwerp signed Union of Utrecht 28 July Hembyze staged coup état at Ghent 20 August Orangists triumphed at elections in Ghent 29 August Hembyze and Dathenus left Ghent 13 Sept Definitive Treaty of Arras signed; reconciliation of Walloon provinces
22 November King ratified Treaty of Arras 1580 3 March 'Treason' of Rennenberg in Groningen 15 March Orange outlawed by Philip II 31 March States of Holland offered Orange 'de hoge overheid' May Spanish troops left Luxemburg for Lombardy
13 December Orange offered Apology to States General 1581 23 January States General took oath of loyalty to Anjou February Apology published June Government forces re-captured Breda 26 July Act of Dismissal August French troops of Anjou entered Netherlands 29 November Farnese captured Tournai (last Walloon town in States' hands)
February Spanish troops returned to the Netherlands 18 February Anjou received as Duke of Brabant in Antwerp 7 March Decided to record resolutions of States General in Dutch 18 March Attempt on life of Orange by Jean Jauregui at Antwerp 6 July Farnese captured Oudenaarde 20-31 Aug Anjou received at Ghent as Count of Flanders
27 May Farnese captured Diest 18 June States of Flanders repudiated Anjou 16 July Farnese captured Dunkirk 22 July Orange left Antwerp for Holland 2 August Farnese captured Nieuwpoort August States General and College of Union of Utrecht merged
February Hembyze negotiated secretly with Farnese 23 March Hembyze arrested 7 April Ieper surrendered to Farnese 20 May Bruges surrendered to Farnese 10 June Anjou died 23 June Hnery III offered 'la souveraineté et protection' of Netherlands 3 July Farnese encircled Antwerp 10 July Orange assassinated at Delft 4 August Hembyze executed for treason at Ghent 17 Sept Ghent surrendered to Farnese
28 March English Privy Council discussed intervention in Low Countries 12 August Agreement of 'provisional succour'
20 October Act of Ampliation: Elizabeth to send army of 6000 1 November Maurice installed as stadhouder of Holland
8 March Oldenbarnevelt appointed landsadvokaat 15 April Prohibition of 'trade with enemy' 26 April Union of Protestant churches at Utrecht 7 June Grave surrendered to Farnese 28 June Venlo surrendered to Farnese 19 July Paulus Buys arrested 31 July Floris Thin excluded from Utrecht 4 August Neuss surrendered to Farnese 11 November Prouninck excluded from States General 25 November Leicester returned to England
5 February Dutch embassy met Elizabeth 18 February Execution of Mary of Scots 8 March Critical report of Leicester's government received in London 23 March Lord Buckhurst sent to United Provinces 20 June Leicester's Instructions issued 5 August Sluis surrendered to Farnese 11 October Coup d'état at Leiden thwarted. 17 November Leicester recalled 6 December Leicester left Netherlands 1 Compiled by Dr. Alastair Duke, University of Southampton Directory: ~ucrabjk ~ucrabjk -> The Dutch Golden Age a bibliography of Works in English ~ucrabjk -> History 2312: Religious Reformation and Popular Piety, 1450-1650 ~ucrabjk -> HistG018: The Dutch Golden Age ~ucrabjk -> History 7316: Religious Tolerance and Intolerance in Early Modern Europe ~ucrabjk -> Bibliography of Works in English (plus a few in other languages) on Dutch History in the 16 Download 69.21 Kb. Share with your friends:
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