 
How did Byzantium grow rich?
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Trading made them richer & richer
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Farm goods, fur, honey & slaves for spices, gems, metals & cloth
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major Byzantine industry was weaving silk…smuggled silk worms from China in bamboo sticks!
What made all this possible?
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Location, location, location!... Constantinople in the perfect geographical spot 4 trade
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Btwn Black & Aegean Seas and btwn Europe Asia trade routes
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Heavily taxed all trade goods
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Constantinople surrounded on 3 sides by H2O & one side by a huge wall…easily protected!
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Good, safe harbors for trade boats & warships
What were some cultural achievements of Byzantium?
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Gave the world new methods in the arts
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Preserved & passed on Greek & Roman culture
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Highly educated & creative
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Built 100’s of churches & palaces
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Justinian built the Hagia Sophia…religious center of Byzantium…still stands…converted to a mosque when the Turks defeated Byzantium…now a museum
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Mosaics=picture made of tiny pieces of glass …usually pictures of saints or Christian holy figures…found inside churches & monasteries…very expensive!! Emperors paid for them…takes a LOOOOONG time to make one!
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Several women served as regents=stand in for a leader who is too young or ill to lead
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Divorce was rare
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Women gained rights b/c of Empress Theodora
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Women expected to stay home & care for kids, not lead independent lives
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Family life was important and stressed.
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Education was respected & encouraged…supported by gov’t…boys went to school, girls taught at home
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Byzantine authors wrote about & stressed religion…copied & passed on the writings of ancient Greece & Rome
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Byzantine civilization became a “grab-bag” of cultures w/ Greek, Egyptian, Slav, Persian, and Roman influences
What were the policies & reforms of Justinian & Theodora?
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Justinian was a strong leader from CE527-565
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Theodora was co-leader who advised Justinian & encouraged him to give women ++rights like owning land
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Theodora told J to stay instead of flee an uprising which saved the throne & strengthened J’s power
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T & J had no children…she died of cancer in CE548…many artworks w/her portrait b/c of his deep love for her
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J wanted to regain lost Roman lands to bring back “Rome”
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Gained Italy, N. Africa, some of Persia & tiny bit of Spain
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Reorganized the army to strengthen it…put soldiers on horses=cavalry
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Used Greek Fire=Byzantine flame thrower secret weapon! (grenades of GF too!)…highly feared!!
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Too big, too fast & too expensive to control, so lands gained were lost after J died
Influenced modern European law & laws are easier to understand so laws are followed
Ordered the law code to be reformed
Laws were too difficult to understand & disorganized
cause Justinian’s Code effects
What did I learn from the video?
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30,000 people died during riots re: heavy taxes @ hippodrome b/c J ordered it…took only minutes. CE532
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J was born as a Slavic peasant
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Basil II was a great military leader…CE 1000ish
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20 yrs after Hagia Sophia was finished an eq destroyed the center dome
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Isadora & Ingenus were Hagia Sophia architects
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Under J, the BE was as big as it would ever get
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CE 1453, Turks used gunpowder & cannon to bring down the wall around Constantinople
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J did not have a lot of fans b/c he was harsh to those who did not believe the way he did
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Byzantium was a cultural power
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J believed his legacy was to bring back Rome
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Hippodrome could hold 100,000 & held chariot race
How did Byzantine gov’t & church work together?
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Emperor crowned in religious ceremony
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Emperor in control of church & gov’t…spiritual & political leader
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United in goal of spreading & preserving Christianity…worked closely together to achieve this goal
What were the religious conflicts btwn Christian church in BE & Christian church in West Europe?
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Use of icons= picture or image of holy people used in worship
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Who is the top leader
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Pope= leader in WE (Rome)
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Patriarch= leader in BE (Constantiople)
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Both claimed to be the supreme leader of the Church, but only one can be the supreme leader
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Refused to help each other in times of need; when getting attacked & can’t help themselves
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Pope crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor b/c he helped Rome defeat an invader
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Angered the BE
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Differences in opinion on who had the most power, gov’t or church
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BE: gov’t over church
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WE: church over gov’t
**CE 1054 The Great Schism= permanent split of the Catholic church into:
Roman Catholic w/pope
Byzantine Catholic w/patriarch
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Byzantine Catholic Church
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Roman Catholic Church
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Central city
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Constantinople
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Rome
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Leader
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Patriarch
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Pope
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Help defend each other
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no
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no
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Relationship w/ gov’t
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Gov’t over church-worked together
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Church over gov’t-often fought
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Use of icons
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Yes, NO!!!, yes
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YEAH!
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