Which political ideal is expressed in this excerpt?
No freemen shall be taken or imprisoned . . . except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land.
—Magna Carta
A.
Leaders should be accountable to the people.
B.
Citizens have the right to due process.
C.
Legislation should follow a constitution.
D.
Criminal punishments should be humane.
2.
Use the excerpt below to answer the question.
No freeman is to be taken or imprisoned . . . or outlawed or exiled or in any way ruined, nor will we go against such a man or send against him save by lawful judgement of his peers or by the law of the land. To no-one will we sell or deny or delay right or justice.
—Magna Carta
Which concept was established by the rights in the excerpt?
A.
innocent until proven guilty
B.
the right to representation
C.
trial by jury
D.
plea bargaining
3.
Use the excerpt below to answer the question.
By the [feudal] Lord before whom this sanctuary is holy, I will . . . be true and faithful, and love all which he loves and shun all which he shuns, according to the laws of God and the order of the world. Nor will I ever with will or action, through word or deed, do anything which is unpleasing to him. . . .
—I: An Anglo Saxon Form of Commendation, Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen
Which condition led to Medieval Era vows like the one in this excerpt?
A.
the lack of regional alliances
B.
increased authority of religious leaders
C.
the need for protection from invading forces
D.
improved trade opportunities
4.
What effect did the expansion of Christianity have on western Europe during the Middle Ages?
A.
The region was provided with a common language.
B.
A confederation of nations with one government was formed.
C.
Regional economies expanded because of trade treaties.
D.
A common culture helped unify groups separated by geography.
5.
Which statement best describes this social structure?
Hierarchical Social Structure
King
Nobles and Church Leaders
Barons
Knights
Freemen and Serfs
A.
the division of orders in the Roman Republic
B.
militant culture of ancient Sparta
C.
feudalism in medieval Europe
D.
the division of Christianity during the Reformation
6.
Which outside group did tribes in Africa encounter first?
How did the Crusades change the social structure of Europe?
A.
They freed the serfs from monarchal control.
B.
They decreased the influence of the clergy.
C.
They weakened the power of the noble class.
D.
They encouraged religious diversity throughout Europe.
14.
How did the Great Schism affect medieval society?
A.
It led to the decline of feudalism.
B.
It weakened the influence of the Church.
C.
It advanced papal claims to secular power.
D.
It decreased the power of royal monarchies.
15.
Which characteristic of Roman Catholicism was rejected by followers of Eastern Orthodoxy?
A.
belief in monotheism
B.
church hierarchy
C.
belief in the Trinity
D.
papal supremacy
16.
For your brethren who live in the east are in urgent need of your help, and you must hasten to give them the aid which has often been promised them. For . . . the Turks and Arabs have attacked them. . . . If you permit them to continue thus . . . the faithful of God will be much more widely attacked by them.
Which statement is the best example of the contrasting roles of religion during the Middle Ages?
A.
In the Byzantine Empire, religious rituals were only on holy days, while in western Europe, religion was a part of daily life.
B.
In western Europe, marriage was allowed for the clergy, while in the Byzantine Empire, it was prohibited.
C.
In western Europe, religion was a source of conflict, while in the Byzantine Empire, religion encouraged compromise.
D.
In the Byzantine Empire, the patriarch deferred to political rulers, while in western Europe, the pope attempted to control political rulers.
18.
A pre-industrial farmer plants different crops on the same soil with each new growing season. This is an example of
A.
enclosure.
B.
crop rotation.
C.
cottage industry.
D.
the putting-out system.
19.
Which was a direct effect of the feudal system in medieval Europe?
A.
development of early trade routes
B.
creation of a capitalist economy
C.
establishment of a rigid class structure
D.
requirement of church donations
20.
Based on the excerpt, what was the main objective of this conflict?
Beset moreover and routed in attacks by night and day, they surrendered unwillingly on the thirteenth day before the Kalends Of July. Then the Christians entering the walls with their crosses and imperial standards, reconciled the city to God, and both within the city [of Antioch] and outside the gates cried out in Greek and Latin, “Glory to Thee, O God.”
—Letter from Antioch to Archbishop of Reims during the First Crusade, 1098
