Window on the Past Woo Xi Feng decides to leave China so that he can

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Window on the Past
1. Woo Xi Feng decides to leave China so that he can

a. become wealthy.

b. make a new life in Canada.

c. escape debt collectors.

d. go to the United States.
2. The person directly in charge of the Chinese work crew was called the

a. foreman.

b. bossman.

c. bookman.

d. herder.
3. The European in charge of the Chinese workers was called the

a. foreman.

b. herder.

c. bossman.

d. sub-contractor.
4. Miller is eventually fired for

a. stealing.

b. being rude to the workers.

c. carelessness.

d. drunkenness.
5. When the Chinese workers discover they have been underpaid by one cent an hour, they

a. refuse to work.

b. keep working.

c. stage a strike.

d. attack the bookman.
6. When their work is finally finished in 1885, the Chinese workers get paid

a. surprise bonuses.

b. what they expected.

c. far less than they expected.

d. enough to return to China.
Timeline
1. Which of the following events took place first?

a. James Douglas arrives in Fort Victoria.

b. The Cariboo Gold Rush begins.

c. BC joins Confederation.

d. Simpson becomes governor of the HBC.
2. Which of the following events took place first?

a. First Legislative Assembly is created on Vancouver Island.

b. Vancouver becomes terminus for the CPR.

c. The Cariboo Gold Rush begins.

d. Victoria becomes capital of British Columbia.
3. Which of the following events took place last?

a. A Royal Commission is held on Chinese immigration to BC.

b. BC joins Confederation.

c. Vancouver Island and British Columbia are joined.

d. A smallpox epidemic spreads among the Native peoples.

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4. Which of the following events took place last?

a. The Cariboo Gold Rush begins.

b. The US gets British territory south of the 49th parallel.

c. A smallpox epidemic spreads among the Native peoples.

d. James Douglas arrives in Fort Victoria.

5. Which of the following events are out of sequence?

a. James Douglas arrives in Fort Victoria.

b. A smallpox epidemic spreads among the Native peoples.

c. The Cariboo Gold Rush begins.

d. Vancouver Island and British Columbia are joined.
6. Which of the following events are out of sequence?

a. Vancouver Island and British Columbia are joined.

b. Construction of the Cariboo Road begins.

c. BC joins Confederation.

d. Vancouver becomes the terminus for the CPR.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Until 1846, the Oregon Territory was

a. disputed by Britain and Portugal.

b. not controlled by any single nation.

c. controlled by the Russian Tsar.

d. undisputed American territory.
2. American policy towards the Oregon Territory was to

a. discourage settlers from moving into the area.

b. encourage settlement by Americans.

c. encourage Britain to abandon the area.

d. encourage the French to take over the fur trade.
3. The HBC opposed settlement in the Oregon Territory because it would

a. harm aboriginal peoples.

b. damage the environment.

c. expand the HBC monopoly.

d. disrupt the fur trade.
4. The American doctrine of Manifest Destiny promoted the belief that

a. Americans had the right to control all of North America.

b. Americans and the British should share North America.

c. British policies were the highest from of government.

d. the Russians had every right to own Alaska.
5. The HBC's Chief Factor in charge of the newly established Fort Vancouver was

a. George Simpson.

b. David Thompson.

c. John McLoughlin.

d. James Douglas.
6. The first Chief Factor of Fort Vancouver

a. viewed the Americans as natural enemies.

b. treated his employees unfairly.

c. encouraged American settlement north of the Columbia River.

d. encouraged American settlement south of the Columbia River.
7. In 1839, the HBC and the Russians set the boundary for Russian territory

a. on the 49th parallel.

b. on the 60th parallel.

c. at 54x 40' N latitude.

d. along the Skeena River.

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8. In 1841, McLoughlin and Simpson disagreed over the

a. sites of new HBC posts.

b. establishment of trading posts on the coast.

c. number of trading posts on the coast.

d. over locations for the HBC's main post.

9. Fort Victoria was established in 1843 because the HBC

a. decided that Fort Vancouver was too isolated.

b. wanted to strengthen British control of the area.

c. was forced out of Fort Vancouver by Native rebels.

d. favoured the area for its beautiful scenery.
10. During the 1844 US presidential election, candidate James Polk's campaign slogan was

a. "don't tread on me."

b. "49ø or fight."

c. "54ø 40' or fight."

d. "40ø 40' or fight."
11. The Oregon boundary treaty that was signed in 1846 set the boundary of the Oregon Territory

a. at 54ø 40' N.

b. along the Columbia River.

c. along the forty-ninth parallel.

d. along the Fraser River.
12. The British government created the Crown colony of Vancouver Island because it wanted to

a. have an official presence in the area.

b. end the HBC trade monopoly.

c. create an agricultural colony.

d. protect the area's mineral deposits.
13. The British decided that land in the colony of Vancouver Island should be allocated by

a. granting free homesteads to any settler of English descent.

b. giving control of all the land to the HBC.

c. advertising it as "free land" in the Ukraine and Poland.

d. requiring settlers to by a minimum of 20 acres at á1 an acre.
14. Any settler who purchased 100 acres or more in the colony of Vancouver Island had to

a. pay a fee to the HBC.

b. bring over at least five servants.

c. bring over at least ten servants.

d. sign a loyalty oath.
15. The British sold land in the colony of Vancouver Island to settlers in order to

a. generate needed income.

b. pay for the colony's government.

c. to recreate the British class system.

d. discourage settlement.
16. In 1849, most of the settlers on Vancouver Island were

a. Americans.

b. ex-HBC employees.

c. English aristocrats.

d. from Canada.
17. The colony of Vancouver Island was also established as

a. a base for the Royal Navy.

b. port to receive Asian goods.

c. a base for the Royal Army.

d. a goodwill gesture towards the US.

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18. English landowners in Fort Victoria regarded

a. HBC employees as their social equals.

b. the Americans as natural allies.

c. naval officers as their social inferiors.

d. naval officers as desirable social contacts.

19. In the colony of Vancouver Island, which of the following groups could vote?

a. all persons

b. all male persons

c. all male property owners

d. only HBC employees
20. The Legislative Assembly of the colony of Vancouver Island was

a. responsible only to the voters.

b. limited to granting monies for government use.

c. empowered to pass and enforce resolutions.

d. elected by a council of non-propertied citizens.
21. An 1855 census showed only 774 immigrants living in the colony of Vancouver Island. At the same time, the aboriginal people living on the island numbered

a. 1000.

b. 10 000.

c. 30 000.

d. 50 000.
22. When James Douglas signed treaties with the aboriginal peoples of Vancouver Island, he

a. refused to pay them any compensation.

b. recognized that they had title to their lands.

c. forced them to buy supplies from the HBC.

d. forced them to move onto mainland reservations.
23. Just before gold was discovered in BC, there had been a gold rush in

a. Washington Territory.

b. California.

c. Oregon.

d. Nevada.
24. In order to obtain gold, miners

a. had to sink a mine shaft to the gold deposits.

b. could pick up nuggets on river banks.

c. had to stake a claim to an area along a creek.

d. both a) and c)
25. People took part in gold rushes in the 19th century because they

a. cared more for adventure than money.

b. wanted to settle in the gold region

c. wanted to "get rich quick."

d. saw gold as a solid investment.
26. The vast majority of people who went on gold rushes

a. became rich.

b. died on the journey.

c. did not get rich.

d. settled in the gold regions.
27. In late 1857, a trader brought James Douglas some nuggets he had found along the

a. Thompson River.

b. Columbia River.

c. Fraser River.

d. Squamish River.

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28. By the middle of 1858, over 10 000 miners were on the Fraser River. Most were

a. HBC employees.

b. Canadians.

c. aboriginal people.

d. Americans.

29. In order to preserve British control of the mainland, the British government

a. created a new colony of British Columbia.

b. made James Polk governor of the new colony.

c. dispatched Swiss mercenaries to the region.

d. all of these
30. The British government sent a contingent of Royal Engineers to BC to

a. provide a military presence in the colony.

b. survey the region.

c. build towns and roads.

d. all of these
31. Gold mining in BC was first undertaken

a. on the Thompson River.

b. on sand bars on the Fraser River.

c. in the Cariboo.

d. near Lytton.
32. The Cariboo Road was built to

a. promote settlement of the interior.

b. ensure that gold shipments were taxed.

c. encourage economic development.

d. all of these
33. The Cariboo Road became a problem for the colonial government because it

a. was blocked by aboriginal peoples.

b. was finished after gold revenues were in decline.

c. was destroyed by landslides and heavy rains.

d. no gold shipments were ever made along it.
34. In 1862, a smallpox epidemic killed at least 30 000 Native persons. The hardest hit were the

a. Haida.

b. Coast Salish.

c. Nootka.

d. Kwakiutl.
35. The smallpox virus was transmitted inland by

a. mosquitoes from the coast.

b. contaminated blankets and clothing.

c. abandoned horses.

d. a strain of European wood ticks.
36. The main town of the Cariboo Gold Rush was

a. Quesnel.

b. Richfield.

c. Port Moody.

d. Barkerville.
37. In 1868, Barkerville was

a. abandoned as the gold had run out.

b. incorporated as a city.

c. destroyed by fire, but quickly rebuilt.

d. destroyed by fire, and abandoned.

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38. By the end of the 19th century, Barkerville had become a

a. commercial centre.

b. tourist attraction.

c. ghost town.

d. forest town.

39. Billy Barker, the miner after whom Barkerville was named, eventually

a. died penniless in a Victoria seniors home.

b. became an important politician in BC.

c. retired to a large estate in England.

d. became a powerful land speculator.
40. By the middle of the 1860s, dwindling gold resources in the Cariboo led to

a. declining population and revenues.

b. the closing of the Cariboo Road.

c. the opening of a coal mine.

d. both a) and b)
41. The governments of Vancouver Island and British Columbia faced a financial crisis in May, 1866, when

a. thieves hijacked a gold shipment from Barkerville.

b. local banks refused to extend them any more credit.

c. angry citizens in both colonies staged a tax revolt.

d. all of these
42. To solve the financial crisis of 1866 in British Columbia and Vancouver Island, the British government

a. cancelled all colonial debt.

b. appointed a bankruptcy administrator.

c. joined the two colonies.

d. drastically increased subsidies.
43. The new colony of British Columbia, formed on August 6, 1866, experienced

a. widespread political unrest.

b. attacks from American troops.

c. rapid economic growth.

d. ongoing economic problems.
44. Of the twenty-three members of the Legislative Council of BC in 1866, how many were elected?

a. 23

b. 17

c. 9

d. 5
45. Because financial troubles continued in the colony of British Columbia after 1866, a permanent solution was needed. Which of the following was not proposed as a solution?

a. annexation by the United States

b. joining Confederation

c. not joining Confederation

d. the creation of a Dominion of British Columbia
46. During the Confederation debate of 1868 to 1870, the anti-Confederationists were strongest

a. on the mainland.

b. on Vancouver Island.

c. in the Cariboo.

d. in New Westminster.
47. During the Confederation debate of 1868 to 1870, the Confederationists were strongest

a. on the mainland.

b. on Vancouver Island.

c. in the Cariboo.

d. in New Westminster.

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48. During the Confederation debate of 1868 to 1870, American annexation had its strongest support among

a. Cariboo merchants.

b. Vancouver Island politicians.

c. Victoria business people.

d. New Westminster fur traders.

49. The American annexation movement failed in British Columbia when the

a. United States rejected the annexationists' petition.

b. annexationist leader was assassinated.

c. annexationists failed to collect enough signatures.

d. annexationist petition was blocked by the courts.
50. In 1869, the governor of the new colony of British Columbia was

a. Anthony Musgrave.

b. Ambrose Musgrave.

c. James Douglas.

d. Frederick Seymour.
51. In 1869, the British government instructed the new governor of BC to

a. restructure the colony's debt.

b. create a militia to fight the Americans.

c. get British Columbia to join Canada.

d. introduce responsible government.
52. Governor Musgrave was a personal friend of

a. President Grant.

b. John Helmcken.

c. Amor de Cosmos.

d. Sir John A. Macdonald.
53. Governor Musgrave decided that the best way to convince anti-confederationists to support Confederation was to

a. bribe them.

b. co-opt their support.

c. fire them from the Legislative Assembly.

d. force them to accept the idea.
54. When BC delegates arrived in Ottawa with their terms for Confederation, the Canadian government

a. refused to meet with them.

b. accepted virtually all their demands.

c. refused to take over the colonial debt.

d. suggested they reduce their demands.
55. At the time that BC negotiated to enter Confederation, the Canadian government promised to

a. offer huge tax breaks.

b. increase the territory of BC.

c. build a railway between BC and San Francisco.

d. build a railway between BC and the rest of Canada.
56. The Legislative Assembly accepted Confederation when Governor Musgrave promised that

a. New Westminster would be the province's capital.

b. Victoria would be the province's capital.

c. responsible government would be granted.

d. he would resign once Confederation was achieved.
57. The Canadian government used the railway survey to

a. fool people in BC into thinking they were going to build a railway.

b. buy time while they attempted to get financing for the railway.

c. create jobs in BC and the prairies.

d. convince people in BC that a railway was not feasible.

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58. Politicians from Vancouver Island favoured the railway route that went to

a. Port Simpson.

b. Bute Inlet.

c. Howe Sound.

d. Burrard Inlet.

59. Which of the following railway routes did politicians from the mainland favour?

a. Port Simpson

b. Bute Inlet

c. Howe Sound

d. Burrard Inlet
60. In the 1870s, British Columbia's "Battle of the Routes" allowed the federal government to

a. demand that BC impose a railway tax.

b. put off building the railway.

c. force BC to drop demands for the railway.

d. cancel the railway idea entirely.
61. The CPR eventually entered British Columbia via the

a. Howse Pass.

b. Kicking Horse Pass.

c. Yellowhead Pass.

d. Pine Pass.
62. The economic activity that Europeans first developed on Burrard Inlet was

a. farming.

b. fishing.

c. forestry.

d. mining.
63. The term toothpicks referred to logs that were used

a. for making dental cleaners.

b. in house construction.

c. as masts for sailing ships.

d. for hydro and telegraph poles.
64. "Gassy Jack" Deighton was a

a. preacher.

b. sawmill owner.

c. shopkeeper.

d. saloon owner.
65. William van Horne rejected Port Moody as the terminus of the CPR in 1884 because the

a. inhabitants had insulted him.

b. location was too high for a terminus.

c. harbour was filled with tidal flats.

d. harbour was subject to treacherous tides.
66. After Vancouver burned to the ground in June, 1886,

a. the site was abandoned.

b. it was quickly rebuilt on the same site.

c. a new town was built further south.

d. New Westminster became the CPR terminus.
67. In order to make Vancouver attractive as the site for the CPR terminus, David Oppenheimer

a. offered half his landholdings in Vancouver to the CPR at no cost.

b. offered half his landholdings in Vancouver to the CPR at half price.

c. bribed Port Moody officials to support his bid.

d. told van Horne that there were big gold deposits nearby.

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68. Because their opportunities in BC were limited by racism, Chinese miners would

a. work only for white miners.

b. rework claims abandoned by white miners.

c. work only with police protection.

d. act as government agents.

69. Between 1881 and 1885, how many Chinese immigrants came to BC to build the CPR?

a. 8000

b. 12 000

c. 15 000

d. 17 000
70. When the railway was finished in 1885, most Chinese railway workers

a. could not afford to return to China.

b. returned to China with large amount of cash.

c. moved east to settle in the prairies.

d. left BC for the United States.
71. White attitudes towards Chinese workers were generally

a. tolerant.

b. neutral.

c. discriminatory.

d. grateful.
72. Social attitudes in 19th-century BC were dominated by British culture. This meant that the Chinese were viewed as being

a. inferior and dangerous.

b. a welcome cultural influence.

c. hard-working contributors to society.

d. builders of Canada.
73. In order to halt the immigration of Chinese workers, the Canadian government introduced a

a. means test.

b. head tax of $50.

c. total ban on Chinese immigration.

d. requirement that all immigrants speak English.
74. During the 1890s, BC gold production remained relatively constant. Other mining activities

a. declined.

b. also stayed constant.

c. increased slightly.

d. increased greatly.
75. In the Okanagan region, economic development centered on

a. forestry.

b. fishing.

c. mining.

d. agriculture.
76. The CPR's main purpose was to haul freight, but it also developed tourism by building

a. a separate passenger line.

b. large hotels and "dining stations."

c. Native theme parks.

d. all of these
Short Answer Questions
1. Describe three ways in which BC's geography influenced the route of the CPR.
2. Compare and contrast British and American policies towards the Oregon Territory. Identify one objective that they had in common and one way in which they were different.

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3. Describe three ways in which the British government attempted to recreate the English class system in the colony of Vancouver Island?

4. Identify five steps that James Douglas and the British government took to maintain British control of British Columbia as American miners flooded in to take part in the gold rush.
5. Describe four economic factors that led to the union of the colonies of British Columbia and Vancouver Island in August 1866. Did the British government support the idea of a union? Why?
6. Describe two ways in which smallpox was spread to BC Native communities in the 1860s. What was its impact on Native peoples in BC? On the population of Native peoples? On their way of life?
7. Identify the three different factions in the BC Confederation debate. Describe their positions regarding the advantages and disadvantages of BC joining Canada.
8. "David Oppenheimer is the 'Father of Vancouver.'" Evaluate this statement. Provide six examples of Oppenheimer's actions to support your position.
9. Describe five reasons that White people in British Columbia used to justify their unjustifiable discrimination against the Chinese.
10. Identify five areas in which the economy of British Columbia diversified and expanded in the 1880s and 1890s.
Skills Questions

[Teacher: Provide copy of Figure 6-6, Horizons, p. 214]
Use the copy of the map provided to answer the questions below.
1. What three physical features did the HBC claim of 1825 follow?
2. Which physical feature did the British claim of 1846 follow?
3. Which physical feature did the US claim of 1846 ignore?
4. Through which geographic features did the boundary established by the Treaty of Washington, 1846, run?

[Teacher: Provide copy of Figure 6-6, Horizons, p. 215]
Use the copy of Figure 6-8 provided to answer the questions below.
5. Which group had the smallest amount of land?
6. Which group had the largest amount of land? Keep in mind that the Hudson's Bay Company owned the Puget Sound Agricultural Company.
7. Where did most people live?
8. Estimate the total population. [Take the mid-point for the population range for each population circle and then add the results. For example, if the range is 6-30, 18 would be the mid-point on which to base your calculations.]

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[Teacher: Provide copy of Figure 6-24, Horizons, p. 229]
Use the copy of Figure 6-24 provided to answer the questions below.
9. Based on this map, how many mountain passes were surveyed?
10. How many potential terminuses were proposed?
11. Based on your reading of Horizons and your reasoning, explain why so many different routes were surveyed.

[Teacher: Provide copy of Figure 6-32, Horizons, p. 238]
Use the copy of Figure 6-32 provided to answer the questions below.
12. Which commodity was most important from 1872-73?
13. Which commodity was most important from 1889-90?
14. What was the total value of exports in 1872-73?
15. What was the total value of exports in 1889-90?
16. Explain why the value of salmon exports varied from year to year.

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ANSWER KEY FOR TEST - UNTITLED
Window on the Past
1. a

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 1

2. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 2

3. b

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 3

4. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 4

5. a

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 5

6. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 6

Timeline
1. d

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 1

2. a

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 2

3. a

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 3

4. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 4

5. b/c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 5

6. a/b

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 6

Multiple Choice Questions
1. b

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 1

2. b

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 2

3. d

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 3

4. a

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 4

5. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 5

6. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 6

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7. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 7

8. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 8

9. b

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 9

10. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 10

11. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 11

12. a

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 12

13. d

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 13

14. b

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 14

15. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 15

16. b

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 16

17. a

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 17

18. d

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 18

19. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 19

20. b

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 20

21. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 21

22. b

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 22

23. b

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 23

24. d

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 24

25. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 25

26. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 26

27. a

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 27

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28. d

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 28

29. a

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 29

30. d

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 30

31. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 31

32. d

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 32

33. b

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 33

34. a

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 34

35. b

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 35

36. d

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 36

37. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 37

38. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 38

39. a

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 39

40. a

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 40

41. b

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 41

42. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 42

43. d

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 43

44. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 44

45. d

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 45

46. b

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 46

47. a

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 47

48. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 48

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49. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 49

50. a

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 50

51. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 51

52. d

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 52

53. b

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 53

54. b

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 54

55. d

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 55

56. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 56

57. b

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 57

58. b

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 58

59. d

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 59

60. b

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 60

61. b

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 61

62. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 62

63. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 63

64. d

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 64

65. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 65

66. b

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 66

67. a

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 67

68. b

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 68

69. d

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 69

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70. a

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 70

71. c

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 71

72. a

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 72

73. b

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 73

74. d

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 74

75. d

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 75

76. b

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 76

Short Answer Questions
1. The mountains of British Columbia formed a barrier to the Pacific coast, so the CPR had to find a passes through them: There were very few. [This affected the CPR route not only in BC, but in the prairies.] It was also difficult to run the rail lines along steep grades, such as at Kicking Horse Pass, and along steep shorelines. Once on the coast, the CPR also had difficulty locating an area with enough flat land and a deep enough harbour on which it could build its terminus.

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 1

2. The objective of both British and the American policies was to control the Oregon Territory. The Americans sought to achieve this through settlement. The British, on the other hand, sought economic control of the area and its fur trade through its agent, the Hudson's Bay Company.

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 2

3. The British government rejected the idea of free land for immigrants in favour of charging immigrants á1 an acre, with a minimum purchase of 20 acres. Any immigrant who purchased more than 100 acres had to bring at least five people to work the land. In other words, the government was reproducing the British class system with its privileged landowners and dependent servants. In addition, only men who owned property were allowed to vote in the colonyÄÄand, therefore, have political power. Again, this reflected the British class system.

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 3

4. When American miners began flooding into BC in late 1858, Douglas immediately alerted the Colonial Office in London. They quickly created the colony of British Columbia and appointed Douglas governor, thus establishing legal control of the area and a capable person to administer it. They also sent in the Royal Engineers, who helped to survey and build the roads that Douglas deemed necessary. Douglas later ordered the building of the Cariboo Road as a way both to collect taxes on the gold (and, to a degree, control gold-mining activities) and to promote settlement and development of the area.

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 4

PAGE 6
5. After gold resources ran out in the Cariboo Gold Rush, it was clear that neither colony was financially strong enough to maintain itself. A rapid drop in population and revenues led to an increasing level of debt in both colonies. Both colonies faced bankruptcy when local banks refused to give them any more credit. Politicians in both colonies proposed that a union of the two colonies would make sense, economically. [It would also cut the cost of duplicate administrations.] The British government quickly supported union because it was not interested in subsidizing two colonies, and it believed that the region's rich resources would eventually solve economic problems.

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 5

6. Smallpox spread to BC Native communities in two ways. One was the decision of Fort Victoria authorities to destroy the homes of smallpox-infected Native people and force them to leave. This led to the spread of the smallpox virus all along the coast. Smallpox was also spread by "ignorant or unscrupulous" prospectors and traders who sold smallpox-infected blankets and clothing to Native peoples. The impact of smallpox on Native peoples was devastating. At least half the population of 60 000 died in 1862 (the Haida lost perhaps 80 percent of their people) and the Native way of life was almost destroyed.

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 6

7. The three different factions during the BC Confederation debate were the annexationists, the Confederationists, and the anti-confederationists. The annexationists favoured union with the United States on the grounds that Canada was too far away to be a viable market and that the US was the best choice for future prosperity. The Confederationists favoured union with Canada because Americans were not British, but Canadians were British subjects. Confederationists believed that joining Confederation could bring economic prosperity to BC if the right deals could be made (building the CPR, for example, and the Canadian government taking over BC's debt). The anti-confederationists did not favour union with Canada, arguing that it was too far away from the Pacific, and too disinterested in BC, to be a good partner. However, the anti-Confederationists also feared that since the Americans were not British, annexation could destroy the British way of life in BC.

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 7

8. David Oppenheimer could be called the "Father of Vancouver" because it was Oppenheimer who convinced van Horne to locate the CPR terminus there in 1884. As mayor of Vancouver, he developed a secure water-supply system (which is used to this day), bankrolled streetcars, established Stanley Park, and built sewers and streetcars (and a power company to provide them power). He also donated land for schools and parks. In addition, Oppenheimer used political and economic contacts to encourage steamship companies to use Vancouver as a transshipment port for Pacific trade.

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 8

9. White (or British) people in British Columbia argued that the Chinese were neither British nor readily assimilated. Many White people also argued that Chinese people were "inferior." For many White British Columbians, the Chinese presence in BC made a homogeneous British population impossibleÄÄand this was their ideal. Many White people in BC also argued that since Chinese labourers worked for low wages, they drove down wages and took work from White labourers.

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 9

10. The economy of British Columbia diversified into shipping and services (Vancouver became an important port to ship goods to Asia for all of Canada); mining (coal, silver, copper , and other metals) and smelters; and agriculture (cattle-ranching in the Cariboo; orchards in the Okanagan ). New rail lines, built during the 1890s, also contributed to economic growth. The fishing and timber industries also expanded in scale and in their importance to the economy of BC.

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 10

Skills Questions
1. The HBC claim of 1825 followed the Columbia River, the Snake River (for a distance), and the continental Divide.

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 1

PAGE 7
2. The British claim of 1846 followed the Columbia River.

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 2

3. The US claim of 1846 ignored Vancouver Island.

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 3

4. The final boundary, which followed the 49th parallel elsewhere, ran through the straits surrounding Vancouver Island and the islands dividing it from the mainland (the Gulf Islands and the San Juan Islands).

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 4

5. Native Reserves had the least land.

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 5

6. The Hudson's Bay Company had the most land.

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 6

7. Most people lived in Fort Victoria.

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 7

8. The total population is 550, approximately.

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 8

9. 2 [3, if the Kicking Horse Pass is included]

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 9

10. 7

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 10

11. Many different routes were surveyed because many different groups (Victoria merchants, for example) wanted routes to serve their own specific needs. There were also many different surveyors, (Sanford Fleming, Marcus Smith, and so on), who championed their own route as the best. Also, in the 1870s there was no hard, or real, knowledge about which was the best route.

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 11

12. gold

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 12

13. coal (salmon)

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 13

14. $1.8 million, approximately

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 14

15. $5.7 million, approximately

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 15

16. The size of the salmon runs varied from year to year and this led to differences in the amount of salmon that could be caught and processed.

Chapter:6 QUESTION: 16

Directory: courses -> FOV1-00026269 -> FOV1-00026288 -> FOV1-0002628A -> FOV1-0002628B
FOV1-0002628B -> The Spirit of Haida Gwaii
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